Another prominent Muslim physicist, Abu Raihon Biruni, through his clear scientific views was able to assess the gravity of various objects, the size of the earth, the features of dawn, solar eclipses and other natural phenomena.

Al-Biruni contributed to the introduction of the experimental scientific method to mechanics, unified statics and dynamics into the science of mechanics, and combined the fields of hydrostatics with dynamics to create hydrodynamics. He came up with different methods for exploring densities, weight, and even gravity. Along with those methods, Biruni went so far as to describe instruments that go along with each of those areas as well. Although he never entirely focuses just on physics in any of his books, the study of physics is present throughout many of his various works. Biruni also came up with different hypotheses about heat and light.

Westerners were also surprised by Beruni's scientific discoveries. Even Orientalist Edward Sakhu admired Biruni's intelligence and wrote: "He is the greatest intellectual in history".